Black Women in Television and Film - Grace in the Face of Discrimination

When I was fourteen, I traveled to North Carolina withFredi Washington, (b.1903-d.1994) a very fair-skinned
my mother to her home town in Greensboro andwoman with light eyes, was disliked by both blacks
experienced a kind of racism that gave me a seriousand whites even though she was actually a black
wake up call about discrimination. I was angry,woman. Because she didn't look black enough,
confused and hurt that we could have been arrestedHollywood directors often encouraged her to pass for
just for shopping like normal people and the experiencewhite because they could make her a bigger star. The
affects me still today. This was in 1968, the same yearrole that was most significant was the movie "Imitation
that Martin Luther King Jr, was murdered, and I feltof Life" in which she played a black woman passing
strong in my Blackness due to the achievements offor white.
the Civil Rights movement taking place up to andDorothy Dandridge, ( b.1924 - d.1965) appeared in
during this time. In this Five and Dime discount store, asmovies from 1930 to the end of 1962 was born during
I browsed and touched things I was followed by athe Depression Era in America, was the first Black
white clerk and warned by my mother to not put theactress ever nominated for and an Academy Award
hat I was looking at on my head.for Carmen Jones in 1954.
Defiant, fourteen and coming from Ohio where whiteAlthough we did not have cable during that time,
people were a little more subtle about their racistmovies and television were a prominent channel of
attitudes, I felt the injustice of that moment and we leftentertainment and a powerful method of influence on
the store before I caused us to get arrested. Outsidethe belief system of Black people. Representing your
the store I decided to get a drink of water from therace during the 1950's and 1960's was extremely
public fountain until I noticed the fountains weresignificant to black actors due to how racism was
separately marked "Whites" and "coloreds". The whitereflected and reinforced on television and on the big
fountain was chilled with electricity but the Coloredscreen.
fountain was a small porcelain fountain with warmThe November issue of Ebony Magazine features the
water. This was traumatic to my young revolutionarystars of the movie coming out this month called "The
Spirit, which had been slowly getting stronger andSecret Life Of Bees" in an article by Lynn Norment
developing as I learned more about myself in a climatediscussing how the actresses connected the past
of social injustice. The examples of self pride andevents of the Civil Rights struggle with American
strength were the people in my family and thehistory today. This is the reason this magazine is about
community around me, both the men and women whoconnection, because it is through connection that we
raised me taught me to be proud of who I am as anlearn to broaden our frame of understanding about life.
African American.Connection to the accomplishments of our
African American women in my formative years werepredecessors is the key to making sense of the
portrayed in low profile parts that did not stand out.historic events taking place today. It is important that
Influenced by the traditionalist of the 50's the imageswe are aware of our history and the role of the
we saw on television and in the movies consisted ofindividuals whose determination and tenacity opened
Black women as a vixen, a housekeeper, a maid, orthe door for us in television and film to express
mammy and as slaves or bare-breasted indigenousourselves in the many ways we do today.
women in Tarzan movies.During the shooting of the movie, the director Gina
Fortunately the women in my life were strong,Prince-Blythwood chose to immerse two two of the
educated and challenged those stereotypes for a littleactresses in a real life situation of racism to sensitize
black girl to seek out other definitions of mythem about the climate of the times. The story takes
womanhood. Early television and film images ofplace in 1964 during a time of openly demonstrated
women of color were censored representations ofracial and social hatred. Exposing the actors to this
talented actors that were held back due to racism.experience allowed them to feel actual discrimination.
Artists like Nina Mae McKinney, Fredi Washington,No one can describe it to you and give an accurate
Dorothy Dandridge and Lena Horne broke through theaccount of how it deeply it hurts. I felt completely
barriers of the industry to make it possible for us tostripped as a part of me wanted to fight and another
witness the talent of today.part of me wanted to cry out loud when I was
Consistently, Black women showed up in roles asfourteen in that North Carolina store 40 years ago.
caretakers and servants of their white counterpartsToday the same attitudes show up every day in the
because the white actors could not be upstaged.media. There is so much social injustice today, we still
Many blacks had to reject their own blackness andhave a lot of work to do yet I am grateful for movies
compromise the creative integrity of their skills aslike this to show us the today the connection to the
actresses because the images they were allowed topast and the present.
portray was controlled by the studios bosses who inI am also grateful to the women of color who were
that era were white.brave enough to not give up or give in being told they
Nina Mae McKinney, (b.1912 - d.1967) was the firstwere not good enough or talented enough to
Black movie star and actress in Hollywood, but werepresent their race. The grace and determination they
know nothing about her. All of the attention has beendemonstrated is the strength that fuels and motivates
given to the choices of the industry as the frontus today. Gives Thanks for the ancestors on whose
runners.shoulders we stand, Ashe', Ashe', Ashe'.