Brief History of American Slavery (1619-1865)

In this series of articles, I will attempt to relate theof Independence's author Thomas Jefferson owned
conditions which led to the racism that was soplantations, keeping many black slaves. Jefferson even
prevalent in the America South during the 1960s, which"used" a black mistress, fathering several children with
led to Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.'s successful attemptsher, whose descendants survive to present times.
to combat racial segregation by basing his program inHowsoever, American slavery actually began in 1619, a
Birmingham, Alabama. Although he was finallyfew years after the foundation of the first English
assassinated in Tennessee, Alabama was truly hiscolony in Virginia. It ended officially in 1865 with the
base of operations for his program of marches andpassage of the 13th Amendment to the U.S.
protests throughout the 1960s.Constitution. It didn't end with the signing of the
What really polarized America, creating the conditionsEmancipation Proclamation by President Abraham
that fostered the extreme, perverse, and as yetLincoln, as many people think, on New Year's Day in
abiding racism of the Deep South? What forces made1863. Dr. King stated that Lincoln was averse to ending
the divisive split between the North and the Southslavery at first, being unsure that he could manage to
happen, before, during and after the Civil War? Whatpersuade the southern states into following abolition -
caused the conditions leading to extreme racialwhich meant total abolishment of slavery practices.
segregation in the Deep South, plus of course theThese involved the keeping of black people as
ideology, life, career and eventual assassination of Dr.physical property, otherwise called "chattel slavery,"
Martin Luther King, Jr.? And why was a deeply religiouswhere they were to be eternally held against their will,
man so political and so close to the Presidency, whenand bred as servants, lackeys and field labor in
the separation of church and state would be veryplantations and farms owned mostly by white people.
likely to keep him away from that prestigious office?Lincoln was quite correct; the South remained
American Slavery - Beginnings in 1619adamantly opposed to the death of slavery, to the
The Biblically ancient institution of slavery is sadlypoint where some stubborn white people are trying to
worldwide, going well beyond the United States. It isreinstitute it nowadays.
basically a social and economic system under whichFor example, there was the white southern bus driver
the people known as slaves are deprived of theirwho tried recently to get black kids to ride in the backs
freedom, and indefinitely condemned to performingof their school buses. Fortunately, that fell through, and
free services for the people known as their masters,she was fired. The Louisiana school district suspended
who own them as property. They are usually nother while it investigated the complaint that she ordered
allowed any personal liberties, being entirely subject tonine black children to sit in the back of the school bus
the whims of their masters, and are driven intoshe was driving. Two black mothers sparked the
oppression and hard-pressed circumstances.complaint, saying that this bus driver had let white
It's not a Sunday picnic, nor is it a lifestyle anyonestudents have their own seats - while black students
would choose. Nathan Hale, one of our nation'swere forced to stand or even sit in other student's
founding fathers, put it this way: "Give me liberty orlaps.
give me death." He really meant that, as he said itRead the next article in this series, "American Slavery -
before he was hanged to death for opposing theContinuing History" and the other articles in this long
colonial British. But his kind was also often slavearticle series about why racism was and is so
owners. For example, both our first President Georgeprevalent in the American South.
Washington and our third President and the Declaration