History of Racial Covenants and Redlining

Examples of the three stories of black men livesbe noted that blacks were residing in completely
distinctly portray the situation in Los Angeles in the twodifferent parts of the city, not in proximity with each
decades between 1900’s and 1920’s. Althoughother as if they did not want to belong to their own
none of the families described in the book were theculture. They had no desire to be associated with
same, their fates as fates of blacks among whitesother black neighbors as they were looking to be
were similar. The principal difference that they weresurrounded by whites and thus to be accepted by
looking for in the West America was to be treated asthem.
equals among the Caucasian society. The miraculousThe emergence of Restrictive Covenants was a legal
change however did not happen and Africanstart for the oppression of the blacks moving into
Americans were facing bitter truth of being unwanted.white areas. It allowed whites to sell property only to
The hostile behavior of the whites was not only anwhites or other ethnicities excluding black minorities.
unpleasant element in the lives of newcomers to"For legal reasons covenants expired after a certain
California, there were real and serious obstaclesperiod of time, but for twenty, thirty of forty years they
created by the white community for the migrants. Thekept their white-owned property locked up". The
foremost issue in the adaptation on the new land forfrightening thing in this whole matter was that keeping
blacks was inability to find a decent, well paying job.out blacks who were free to live where they wished
Definitely conditions were much better than in thewas made legal. Clearly it not only was creating a
South, but it was all about unequal treatment of thedysfunctional community but it was giving birth to an
equal opportunity workers. They dug ditches, cleanedultimate misconception of the nature of black people
toilets, laid brick, washed dishes, those were the kids ofthat was also supported by the government.
jobs a black man could obtain in the 1910’s.The situation on the real estate market with the
Laws and federal statutes were not designed withsegregation of the blacks from the white communities
regard on opportunities of the black population, thuscaused a unique condition. It was a so called "racial
eliminating them from the employment market thatpayback time" when white people wanted to sell out,
could give a decent job. This situation meant thatthey hired black realtors as they would find a black
employers were free to choose only whites for betterbuyer who would want to pay a better price for a
jobs without having to explain why they were doinggood neighborhood. More and more of such deals
this, as there was no legal power to stop them.were taking place which resulted in money generation
Neglecting all obstacles black women and men werefor black speculators and realtors and, which in turn
striving for equality in the society or at least themade them richer and more able as a part of the
possibility to do what they wanted. As many associety. With such practices a new business class
twenty women by 1920’s were in nursing, teachingwas emerging in the Los Angeles, and this process
and musical professions. It was a huge achievementwas impossible to stop. Women and men were taking
taking into consideration that in the beginning of theadvantage of the opportunity and were selling their
century there was none. Men also were beginning toservices mostly to the black community, at the same
obtain professions of the white men, and by 1920time creating a financial foundation for their future. It
there were 200 of them who were teachers andwas one of the legal ways to get a bit ahead in a
lawyers and dentists. It was a good tendency althoughsocio-cultural sense and make decent money, for
most of them were squeezed out of the professionthere were no decent jobs offered to blacks.
by the white labor unions. This dreadful discriminationSocial aspect of the problem rising from the
was trying to break the natural cycle of things,establishment of the covenants and other restrictive
although continuous growth of the city and ambitionsmeasures was of an even bigger concern to the black
of the African Americans served as a reverse force.population. Southern idea was prevailing in the society
Trials and tribulations of the blacks in the West wereof that time and by using psychological pressure they
of severe character but as was already mentioned itachieved great results in letting black population down.
was impossible for the whites to stop integration ofLetting blacks inside most of institutions such as movie
the new culture into the old one.theaters, saloons and restaurants was unheard of.
Another essential part of live of any human is a placeAccording to Titus Alexander a Race man there were
to live. This question was largely disturbing the whiteonly three saloons that would serve a black customer.
population of the city in terms of their immense desireMovies theaters were charging colored men more that
to keep them out of their neighborhoods.whites, which was absolutely illegal but was supported
Officially until 1910 black families were free to settleby the government nevertheless. In most cases they
and buy property where they wanted. From the turnwere welcomed to file a suit against such
of the century though, accidents of violent intrusionsestablishment and as practice shows they usually won.
and threats from white neighbors started escalating inThe problem was though that they didn’t do it
numbers and it became merely impossible to becomeoften taking into account the expenses and efforts
a part of that society in such a way. The fact has tothat were not reimbursed in full in the end.