History of the Contact Lens -- The Vision of Leonardo Da Vinci

Although I have been wearing contact lenses for justwater and a microscopic lens at the far end.
over two years now, my first recollection of lensesDevelopment of the contact lenses we know today
was from bob-a-job week when I was eleven yearsstarted to speed up from this point in time.
old. My sister had recently started wearing them.In 1827 (although it maybe as early as 1823, opinions
Attempting to put them in one day she's dropped onediffer on this point) the English astronomer Sir John
and couldn't find it. The whole family helped and I wasHerschel introduced the idea of actually grinding the
the lucky soul who managed to find it by a bettercontact lens to a specific shape to better conform to
method than standing on it. For my troubles, my motherthe eye's shape.
kindly gave me 11p towards my bob-a-job total.Then the breakthrough. In 1887 the German
(For those in countries other than the UK, Bob-a-Jobglassblower F Muller made the first ever contact
was something that members of the Boy Scoutslenses specially made to be worn on the eye without
would do once a year. During a specific week of thecausing irritation. This kickstarted two opticians from
year, normally in the Spring months, doorbells andseparate countries - Edouard Kalt of France and
knockers up and down the length of the country wouldEugen Fick of Switzerland - to report that they had
sound as eager, scrubbed faces joyfully announced toused contact lenses to correct the sight of patients
those foolish enough to answer the door "Bob a jobsuccessfully.
week, have you any jobs you'd like doing?" TraditionIn the US - William Feinbloom made the first ever
was that you'd find a simple, innocent and non taxingAmerican lenses in New York and introduced the idea
job for them to do and then give them a bob or two.of plastic as an optional material. Delayed by the not
All the money they collected would then be handedtoo small event of World War Two, the AOA
into the scoutmaster at the end of the week and(American Optometric Association) declared contact
passed to charity. I was glad never to be one of thelenses a formal practice of optometry in 1945.
sorry victims who ended up having to clean a carFollowing this approval, work on designing the best
inside and out for 10p!)lenses proceeded apace. In 1950 Dr. G Butterfield
Now the contact lenses my sister had were scary. Itdesigned a corneal lens, an important step forwards in
was in the time when contact lenses were made outthat it allowed lenses to be created that would follow
of non permeable glass! ( I shudder even now at thethe shape of the eye instead of sitting on top of it.
thought of having to try and place a thin sliver ofTen years later in 1960 Otto Wichterie and Drahoslav
curved glass into my eyes!)Lim begin experimenting with water absorbing soft
But it got me to pondering recently - what is theplastic as a means of making lenses. Eleven years
history of contact lenses? When did they first appearlater in 1971, the soft lens officially became available for
and who was the first person to think of them? Thecommercial use in the US with the rest of the world
answers will, I think, surprise you quite a bit.following at varying degrees, dependant on their ruling
So - starting from the beginning, can you think whomedical bodies granting permission for use of the
might have dreamed up the contact lens? A famousmaterial.
or pioneering doctor maybe? An optician thinking wayAnd it is this step which gives us the biggest move in
before his years?making lenses commercially available today.
And in what year did the first contact lens idea springBased on the acceptance worldwide of soft lenses,
up? Who had the vision of foresight - if you'll pardonwe now have the different styles we know today.
the pun?Rigid Gas Permeable lenses, toric lenses, tinted and
Well, not unsurprisingly, the first person to dream thecolored lenses, bifocal lenses - all the different lenses
concept of a contact lens was none other thanwe have were born from that point.
Leonardo da Vinci in 1508!! It's surprising that it was inSo when you get to the end of a day and stand
1508 but not at all surprising that the father of so manybefore your bathroom mirror, carefully taking out your
far sighted concepts, Leonardo da Vinci, should be thelenses and placing them in their overnight lens case -
man to first sketch the idea.just pause a second and think of Leonardo and those
Nothing really happened for over a century onceclever people who came after him.
Leonardo had thought of them. After all, they didn'tFrom the simple sketches of an idea in a book filled
exactly have the precision tools and knowledge towith clever, before their time ideas, through the
make them at that time.dedication and imagination of more clever people and
So it's again surprising to find that in 1632 a Frenchmanfinishing with you standing in your bathroom balancing a
called Rene Descartes came up with the idea for thesmall sliver of plastic on the tip of a finger, the contact
corneal contact lens. This idea was left on the shelf forlens has had one hell of a journey already!
almost another two centuries until 1801, when ThomasDo you have the vision to see where it should go
Young evolved Descartes's idea to correct his ownnow?
sight by using a quarter inch long glass tube, filled with