| The day was sunny and the sky was blue and | | | | inventions of new and ear-splitting music, incompatible |
| gorgeous. Kwesi had just arrived from spear throwing | | | | to the life styles of the Americans were created. One |
| contest. He was sent by his mother to collect maize | | | | problem led to the other, and different tribes from |
| from the farm and he walked through the bushes. | | | | Africa with different backgrounds continued to live |
| Suddenly, he heard some noises and thought they | | | | under the same roof. |
| were bush pigs and took a closer look. Two angry | | | | As time passed, the Americans began to find out |
| men emerged from the bushes with guns and | | | | about the special traits of the slaves. Before then, the |
| machetes. Kwame was terrified and gasped for air. | | | | genetic and cultural traits of the slaves and the |
| One of the men handcuffed him and he was put into | | | | emancipated slaves were interpreted as idle, criminal, |
| chains. Kwesi, together with other slaves were sailed | | | | argumentative and noisy. The succeeding generations |
| to the Americas; they were sold and utilized as | | | | endeavoured to look for some centre of logic and |
| workers on American earth. | | | | genuineness. They attempted to build commonsensical |
| They landed at Jamestown, Virginia in 1619 and | | | | systems in favour of the African-Americans but their |
| worked together with some poor Americans. Kwame | | | | efforts always ran into barricades. There were |
| laboured intensively and conscientiously. He worked on | | | | explosive developments in the understandings of the |
| rice, tobacco, sugar cane, and cotton farms. Others | | | | Americans and in their logical abilities. Their way of |
| were sent to docks to work as craft workers and | | | | thinking was transformed and they entered into |
| housekeeping. Some of the slaves were sent to | | | | conversation on the subject of society, evolution, |
| northern American provinces where they worked on | | | | political principles, and religious conviction in all manner |
| small farms. Minority of the slaves were employed as | | | | of truth-seeking topics and themes to improve the |
| shipbuilders, fishermen, and craftsmen. | | | | American society on the subject of racism and |
| Kwesi was law abiding citizen, well disciplined and | | | | segregation. Parents began to educate their children. |
| respectful and served his master obediently and | | | | Christopher’s family worked unbreakably hard on |
| unfailingly. Kwesi was given English names, Christopher | | | | farms and factories. Educations were poor and with |
| Purpleton. Kwesi was the main provider of food for his | | | | the passing of time few received education. |
| family in Africa and speculated often about how they | | | | There was poverty everywhere amongst the |
| would survive without him. His father was old and | | | | African-American society but it was fewer amongst |
| weak and his mother had three very young sons to | | | | the Americans. In many areas, the standard of poverty |
| look after. Although, his mother was a hard working | | | | was immeasurable. The elderly African -Americans |
| woman Kwesi was not sure that her mother could | | | | suffered from financial difficulties and Dooley was |
| take care of the family. Kwesi was 21 years old at the | | | | grieved by it. Executions were often higher amongst |
| time of his capture. | | | | the African-Americans than in the Americans and |
| Time passed and Kwame Christopher grew older in | | | | contributed to higher death rate amongst the |
| America. He observed how the African slaves were | | | | Africans-Americans. The death rate amongst the |
| arriving in huge numbers and around 1750, over | | | | African-Americans doubled that of the United States |
| 200,000 African slaves were shipped to America. | | | | of American soldiers in Second World War and an in |
| More slaves were shipped and the amount of the | | | | Vietnam. They were mostly young African- |
| slaves increased to 700,000 in South Carolina, | | | | Americans. In the prisons, there were more |
| Maryland and Virginia. In 1641, Maryland was the first | | | | African-Americans on death row population than |
| state to institute slavery in America. Many slaves were | | | | Americans and the rate of imprisonment for |
| sold and the town was mainly populated by slaves. | | | | African-American women increased more often than |
| Time passed and Kwesi Christopher married and had | | | | that of American women. The great majority of the |
| a son, Dooley. His parents took good care of him | | | | imprisoned African-American had children. Americans |
| because Dooley`s mother was a housekeeper by the | | | | with HIV received medical care and drug therapy |
| slave master, and as such, she was privileged. His | | | | reducing death rate of AIDS. The African-American |
| father was a law abiding slave. At the age of four, | | | | did not have such privileges. Killer diseases, such as |
| Dooley helped his mother at work until he was eight | | | | heart disease, cancer, stroke, AIDS, accidental |
| years old when he began to work on the plantation. | | | | homicide, diabetes, pneumonia, and influenza, chronic |
| Other slave children began to work on the plantations | | | | pulmonary disease and infant mortality were higher in |
| at the age of five. Portugal started the slave trade in | | | | African-Americans. Severe high blood pressure that |
| 1562 and from 1646 to 1790, it was a profitable | | | | led to stroke, heart attack, and kidney failure, were |
| business. | | | | higher amongst the African-American in all ages than in |
| The west coast of Africa was their main target | | | | Americans. The Africa-American had forty five |
| because it was easier to anchor their ships and the | | | | percent of own homes as compared to sixty eight |
| elders were easily convinced to sell people captured in | | | | percent of Americans. Over half of the |
| their tribal wars. The region was ruled by ancient | | | | African-American population, between the ages of |
| empire of Ghana between 790 and1240 and Mali ruled | | | | twenty-five and thirty-five were unemployed or had |
| the empire betrween1240 and1600. There were series | | | | less finance to feed a family of four. Amongst the |
| of tribal wars and ethnic tensions in Africa which | | | | African-Americans high school graduates, fewer men |
| produced many victims of war. The wars motivated | | | | were employed than Americans and many of |
| Westerners as negotiable basis for the slave trade. | | | | African-American high-school dropouts were |
| They offered guns, whiskeys and other commodities | | | | unemployed as compared to the number of dropouts |
| to the chiefs and elders. | | | | employed amongst the Americans. Many of the |
| Cheap labour was needed by the westerners | | | | African-American children were not able to read in the |
| because of shortage of sugar, coffee, cotton, and | | | | 4th grade. They were nearly over two thirds as |
| tobacco. Spain, France, the Dutch and the English | | | | compared to under one third of the American children. |
| needed labour thus; they captured slaves to work on | | | | THE ROOT OF SLAVERY AND RACISM |
| their plantations to produce money-making | | | | Dooley and his descendants studied the root of |
| merchandise. Kwesi and his descendants witnessed | | | | slavery. They found out that around 414 B.C. the |
| their profitability. The slave business was given the | | | | Greek, Aristotle, favoured slavery and was confident |
| name “black gold” in 1672. | | | | that Greek society could not survive without them. |
| Cargoes of rum, brandy, glass, cloths, beads, guns, and | | | | They accepted the Greek vision of slavery because |
| other appealing goods were transported from the | | | | the slaves were honoured. A male slave was priced |
| west to Africa and, tribal war captives were | | | | more than a female and less to a boy. The Greeks |
| exchanged for their goods. Slave ships sailed from | | | | had the opinion that slavery was essential to life thus; a |
| West Africa to the West Indies, Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto | | | | slave of desirable quality was allowed to marry and |
| Rico, Haiti, Santo Domingo, St. Thomas, and St. John, St | | | | had a family. The Greeks rewarded good slaves for |
| Croix and Barbados and off-loaded slaves to work on | | | | their trustworthiness. On the other hand, those who |
| their sugar plantations and Islands. From there, raw | | | | were disobedient were harshly punished. A number of |
| commodities were lasted on board to distilleries in | | | | slaves were engaged as cooks, washerwomen, |
| Bristol and Rhode Island to produce rum from | | | | concierge, cleaner, escorts, messengers, nurses, |
| molasses. They continued their voyage to South | | | | companions, teachers and tutors. The slaves solved |
| Carolina, Charleston, and Boston Massachusetts, | | | | hateful problems and other difficulties were remedied. |
| where the slaves were paid for. From there, they | | | | A few number of the woman slaves were allowed to |
| loaded cotton, sugar and tobacco and sailed to | | | | live in the Kings palace. They were the chosen ones |
| England. From England they sailed back to Africa with | | | | because they were very beautiful, attractive and |
| more rum for more slaves. | | | | eye-catching. Their duties were to grind wheat and |
| In 1768, 53,000 slaves were transported every year. | | | | hard seeds of food plants. Greek slaves were |
| The French transported 3, 000, the Dutch, 11,000 and | | | | expected to spin and weave. They had rankings from |
| the Portuguese, 8,700 slaves respectively. Altogether, | | | | the lowest ranked slave women to the highest ranked |
| 10 million slaves were transported to the Americas. | | | | slave. Spinning and weaving was part of the woman`s |
| The Africans were branded as inferior beings, sinners | | | | role. Raw wool was shorn from sheep. The |
| against God and were doomed for destruction. The | | | | manufacturing of fabric was time consuming because |
| slaves realized the intent of their slave masters and | | | | it involved long trips and labour intensive activity which |
| tried to run away. They were called maroon- | | | | consisted of pilling of animal hairs to a fine fabric. There |
| renegades. The lucky slaves, who escaped through | | | | was division of labor amongst the slaves. |
| thick forests, married Native Americans and became | | | | The men worked on the farms. Whenever a woman |
| Black Indians. | | | | slave was brought to the palace they were subjected |
| As years passed the slave business became a | | | | to rituals which, were planned to position them under |
| teething problem for American. The British abolished | | | | security of the goddess of hearth. Thus, there was |
| the slave trade in 1807 and in 1808, the slave trade | | | | nearness connecting master and slave. It was alleged |
| was illegal however, it continued for nearly 60 years. | | | | that Odysseus, following twenty years of absence, his |
| After the American Civil War, Abraham Lincoln | | | | two faithful slaves Emails and Philoitos embraced him |
| prohibited slavery throughout the United States in 1865. | | | | and placed their arms around him and kissed him on |
| Anti-Slave movements were established to fight down | | | | his homecoming to Ithaca. They were so close that |
| slavery, definitely. | | | | the slaves who were employed at the palace were |
| Christopher’s son, Dooley, was educated by the | | | | often buried in family burial areas at the side of their |
| slave masters’ daughter, Aileen, during nightly hours. | | | | masters and mistresses. As a result, the slaves |
| He tiptoed to be schooled in a church nearby. Slave | | | | accepted lifelessly the conditions in which they were |
| masters did not want their slaves to be converted to | | | | assigned to live. On the other hand, diverse Greeks |
| Christianity. The masters prohibited the slaves from | | | | treated their slaves differently. |
| learning how to read and they were prohibited from | | | | It was different from one family circle to the other. The |
| attending churches. However, in the Northern states | | | | slaves were protected by the law against violence |
| they were allowed to attend church services but, | | | | and torment however; starvation and whipping were |
| drums which were used in traditional religious | | | | imposed on those slaves who did not behave well. |
| ceremonies were prohibited because the slave | | | | Escapee slave was branded with burning iron if |
| masters were of the opinion that they would use the | | | | captured. The slaves and their masters were very |
| drums to send messages to cause uprising. Some of | | | | close to such extend that a number of the slaves |
| the slaves escaped and left their families behind. From | | | | remitted fractions of their take-home pay to their |
| the age of twelve a slave girl was forced to have | | | | masters. Slaves with other abilities were employed and |
| children in order to have more slaves for the slave | | | | paid well. The slaves acknowledged the reality that |
| master. Kwesi eventually married. The marriage | | | | they had to recognize defeat before they |
| ceremony was conducted by the slave master. The | | | | overpowered it and, felt under the circumstances |
| couple had to jump over a broom, laid down on the | | | | perfectly well. High-class people were often good |
| floor by the slave master before they were declared | | | | because they protected and maintained their high |
| man and wife by the slave master. Before Kwesi | | | | quality. Evil people, they said, had immorality, |
| Christopher married Catherine, she was a house slave | | | | wickedness and malevolence in them because they |
| trained from her earliest infancy. Her work was to | | | | had nothing to protect or maintain. |
| clean the house, make food, take care of the slave | | | | In Greece and in the 8th century B.C, the slaves were |
| masters children, wash clothes and had many odd | | | | mainly imported from Thrace (Bulgaria, Turkey), |
| jobs but, she was given privileges and was allowed to | | | | Scythia (Ancient nomads, Iran), Illyria (Albania, |
| sleep near her master’s bedroom. | | | | Montenegro, southern Italy), Colchis (Georgian state), |
| Kwesi lived in wooden shacks with dirt floors. His bed | | | | Syria, Caria (origin unsure-Asia Minor) and Lydia |
| was made up of pieces of straw and grass but had a | | | | (Western Asia Minor Region, Provinces of |
| blanket to cover him. He was not alone; there were | | | | Turkey-Izmir). They were generally obtained by piracy, |
| ten other slaves who slept with him in a small single | | | | kidnapping or combat. |
| room. Although, Dooley was born in America, he | | | | In the 17th century B.C., each resident had at least one |
| received the same treatments as the other slaves. He | | | | slave. The poorest of the poorest Greek had even a |
| felt that he was more American than | | | | slave. They had the opinion that an ox and a woman |
| African-American slave and deserved to be treated | | | | slave were all that was necessary in farmer’s |
| better. | | | | existence. The price presented to slaves varied. |
| Kwesi, the father, had to put up with new cultures. He | | | | Educated slave fetched more money as well as |
| had to put up with the culture of his son and the | | | | slaves with special skills, looks and attraction. Those |
| various customs and cultures of the other slaves from | | | | who were unskilled were prized less. Those with |
| Africa. The slaves’ cultural backgrounds were | | | | managerial skills were most prized. In Greece, some of |
| entirely different from tribe to tribe. Their Diasporas | | | | the slaves were advantaged because; they were |
| were different as well as their behavioral patterns, | | | | owned by the community and included in them, were |
| criminal tendencies, idleness, alcoholism, resentments, | | | | panel of adjudicator clerks, public notaries, road |
| intelligence and awareness. Kwesi was of the opinion | | | | menders and coin testers. Some worked in conjunction |
| that the traits played prime important part in the | | | | with Athenian citizens in building, contracting business, |
| differences of the slave society because socialization | | | | and others kept peace and harmony in Athens. |
| was impossible but the slave owners treated them | | | | Many of the slaves who were hard workers were |
| harshly without considering the individual slave`s | | | | described as “living separately”. Clashes |
| background. | | | | amongst the slaves and the Greeks minimized |
| Dooley observed that the some new generation in | | | | because, they were betrothed in high-ranking jobs |
| American discovered how humiliating slavery was | | | | such as managers of shops and factories. A number |
| however; they treated the slaves in much the same | | | | of them even became prominent bankers, captains of |
| way as their predecessors. North Africans, the | | | | trading ships, bailiffs and artisans. One even became |
| Netherlands, the Spaniards, the Portuguese, the English, | | | | the wealthiest man in Athens. At times, it was difficult |
| the Swedes, the Danes and even the Australians, | | | | for the slaves because some of the lowest societies |
| New Zealanders and Asians copied from the | | | | in Athens considered themselves more superior and |
| American slave masters. Those who started slavery | | | | more developed than anyone else on earth. SLAVE |
| were dead and gone but the new generations | | | | POPULATION Slave population grew in Athens. On |
| continued to treat the slaves in much the same way | | | | the average Athenians owed two or three slaves and |
| as their slave owners. Sometimes, the Americans | | | | rich citizens had ten to twenty slaves. There was one |
| disliked their own people because they found them | | | | man by the name Nicias, one of the richest men in |
| uncultured. | | | | Athens; he possessed 1000 slaves in the 5th century |
| Kwesi and his descendants were subjected to hard | | | | B.C. He leased them out. Overall, there were over |
| work on farms, factories and many other menial jobs | | | | 400.000 slaves in Athens in the late century B.C. Its |
| for the lowest pay. They were prohibited to enjoy the | | | | occurrence was not industrial accident of history. |
| same facilities as the Americans. Education was poor. | | | | The slaves never searched for a line of attack. They |
| They were also prohibited to enter restaurants, trains | | | | tried to fit into the inflexible living of Athenians. |
| and busses. European countries monitored the | | | | Whatever the matter, the slaves kept quiet but felt |
| behavioural patterns of the Africans slaves. | | | | that they should be treated as skilful members of their |
| Westerners avoided living near the same apartment | | | | community but they not accepted. They waited |
| complex as the Africans and in Britain; they sold their | | | | because they knew that time would abstain the |
| houses and left the grounds whenever an African | | | | Greeks in clinging to their ideology. |
| settled in a house near them. Africans were not | | | | The slave business alienated groups of human beings |
| permitted to enter amusement centres in Switzerland | | | | into races which was woven into the framework of |
| and fingers were pointed at them on streets. In | | | | civilization and produced intolerance as well as split up |
| Thailand, they refused to talk with an African, in Hong | | | | into diverse national types such as Caucasian, |
| Kong; they compared their skin colour with Africans | | | | Mongoloid, Negroid, Indians, and Vietnamese and may |
| and pointed out that they had lighter skin colour. Danish | | | | others. Consequently, racial discrimination was |
| parents pointed out unconsciously, Africans to their | | | | unexpectedly based on the visible external quality that |
| children on the streets. In a mixed marriage, their grown | | | | individuals had produced. The characterizations, black |
| up children shunned their African fathers or mothers. In | | | | man, white man, had become an opinionated antique |
| Norway, the African could have an empty seat near | | | | term rather than excellence of individuals and various |
| him on a Bus, but a Norwegian would stand tiredly on | | | | human races. |
| the Bus and would never sit on an empty seat near an | | | | In 18th century, bigotry was cost-effective to Britain |
| African because they felt bumpy. The Swedish, the | | | | and a group of European countries. The earliest |
| Norwegians, the Finish, the Danes, the Dutch, the | | | | merchants sailed to Africa had a vision to achieve |
| Singaporeans, Tunisians, Russians, and other countries | | | | riches, possessions and assets. Once they gained their |
| in the Eastern Blocks imitated American ideologies and | | | | proceeds they classified the Africans as substandard. |
| practised segregation as well as people with fair colour | | | | The ignorant and ill-mannered assumptions coagulated |
| in Africa. | | | | into a conviction and principles to give good reason for |
| Africans began to bleach their skins to march up with | | | | their deeds because they were conscious of the |
| conditions in the world. Africans activities were closely | | | | hurtfulness of prejudice and how it affected society. |
| monitored and the African felt spiky. People living in the | | | | Darwin’s information on the subject of |
| Arctic countries made many Africans feel scratchy | | | | development, even though mistakenly interpreted, gave |
| and cut off. | | | | Westerners logical good reason of genuineness of |
| During the slave era, the original home town of | | | | prejudice. Individuals misinterpreted his conclusion that |
| Kwame in Africa stagnated in developments. There | | | | Africans could not continue to exist because they |
| were no people to build their country because the | | | | could not survive on earth. |
| strong and the brave ones had been captured into | | | | BLACK PEOPLE AND CAUCASUS The Blacks |
| slavery. These and other contributory factors became | | | | occupied southern Russia as well as the Black Sea |
| the major causes of stagnant developments in West | | | | Region since 2000 B.C.: They dominated the region. |
| Africa. | | | | The Caucasus Mountain stretched for over 500 miles |
| The African-Americans had housing shortages thus; | | | | between the Black Sea to the Caspian Sea. The |
| they were crowded in slums without possibility of | | | | region formed natural barrier between Asia and |
| modernization. Their speaking language, English, | | | | Europe. On the northern plains was Russia and the |
| became distorted with different clangs due to their | | | | mountain regions of Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan |
| ancestral traits and intermingling with other slaves from | | | | formed the southern border. The Greek slave trade |
| various West African countries in America. | | | | activities had its origin in the region. The weather was |
| The African-Americans were placed in slums. | | | | strongly affected by the Black Sea. The Caucuses |
| Eventually, the crowded slums were cleared up and | | | | was divided into three areas, the central, western and |
| new and modern houses and environments were | | | | eastern regions. The people were albino mutants who |
| created. House prices of the private entrepreneurs | | | | migrated from Africa. There were many people in their |
| were rocket high. The African-Americans were paid | | | | society with leprosy, an infectious disease causing |
| minimum wages thus, they could not afford. Many | | | | painful white patches on the skin. However, a |
| moved to major cities but that resulted in | | | | Caucasia race with blonde hair, blue eyes, and |
| unemployment and poverty. Poverty led to criminality, | | | | alabaster skin was highly desirable. Because of their |
| criminality led to imprisonments, fear exacerbated to | | | | albinism, most of their relatives vanished from the |
| segregation, segregation led to new forms of life | | | | society to the northern regions to avoid segregation. |
| styles leading to eccentric behavioral patterns and | | | | |